"CNC stands for 'Computer Numerical Control,' referring to a technology where machines are controlled by a set of commands issued by a controller. The command codes controlling these machines are typically in the form of coordinate lists, known as G-codes. Any machine controlled by such codes can be termed a CNC machine, including milling machines, lathes, and even plasma cutters. In this article, we will focus on different types of CNC milling machines, lathes, and their combinations. The movements of CNC machines are defined by their axes, including the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis, while more advanced machines also include the A-axis, B-axis, and C-axis. The X, Y, and Z axes represent the primary Cartesian vectors, while the A, B, and C axes represent axial rotations. CNC machines typically use up to five axes. Below are some typical CNC machines.
A.CNC Lathe - This type of lathe works by rotating the material in the chuck of the lathe. Then, the tool moves on two axes to cut cylindrical parts. CNC lathes can form curved surfaces, which is difficult or even impossible with manual lathes. The tool is usually not rotating, but if it is a power tool, it can also move.
B.CNC Milling Machine - CNC milling machines are commonly used to manufacture flat parts, but more complex machines have more degrees of freedom and can produce complex shapes. The material remains stationary, while the spindle rotates with the tool, and the tool moves along three axes to cut the material. In some cases, the spindle is stationary, and the material moves.
C.CNC Drilling Machine - This type of machine is similar to a CNC milling machine, but it is specifically designed to cut only along one axis, meaning it drills down into the material along the Z-axis only and never cuts along the X or Y axes.
D.CNC Grinding Machine - This machine brings an abrasive wheel into contact with the material to produce a high-quality surface. Its design purpose is to remove a small amount of material from hard metals; thus, it is used as a surface treatment operation."
